DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY 发表完整的研究论文、评论文章和简短的通讯，其中包含围绕风险评估和有害暴露的广泛毒理学数据。稿件根据其与期刊的相关性进行考虑。主题包括描述性和力学研究，说明接触有毒物质的风险评估影响。合适主题的示例包括毒理学研究，即对剂量、代谢和基于统计或基于机制的风险评估方法影响的结构检查。新的发现和方法以及安全性评估也是可以接受的。可以保留特刊以发表专题讨论会摘要、毒理学评论以及毒理学数据的实际解释和应用概述。

The journal "Drug and Chemical Toxicology" publishes complete research papers, review articles, and brief communications that encompass a wide range of toxicological data related to risk assessment and harmful exposures. Manuscripts are considered based on their relevance to the journal's themes. Suitable topics include descriptive and mechanistic studies that examine the impact of exposure to toxic substances on risk assessment. Examples of appropriate topics include toxicological research, particularly structural analyses of the effects of dose, metabolism, and statistical or mechanistic risk assessment methods. New findings, methodologies, and safety assessments are also accepted. Additionally, special issues may be reserved for publishing abstracts of symposium discussions, toxicological reviews, and practical interpretations and applications of toxicological data.

《Drug and Chemical Toxicology》期刊发表完整的研究论文、评论文章和简短的通讯，涵盖与风险评估和有害暴露相关的广泛毒理学数据。稿件将根据其与期刊主题的相关性进行考虑。适合的主题包括描述性和机制研究，探讨接触有毒物质的风险评估影响。合适的主题示例包括毒理学研究，特别是对剂量、代谢以及基于统计或机制的风险评估方法的影响进行结构性分析。新的发现、方法以及安全性评估也被接受。此外，期刊还会保留特刊，以发表专题讨论会摘要、毒理学评论以及毒理学数据的实际解释和应用概述。

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

Biological and chemical agents cause dangerous effects on human health via different exposing ways. Recently, herbal medicine is considered as a biological and safe treatment for toxicities. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), belongs to the Asteraceae family, possesses different effects such as hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Several studies have demonstrated that this plant has protective properties against toxic agents. Herein, the protective effects of S. marianum and its main component, silymarin, which is the mixture of flavonolignans including silibinin, silydianin and silychristin acts against different biological (mycotoxins, snake venoms, and bacterial toxins) and chemical (metals, fluoride, pesticides, cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic agents) poisons have been summarized. This review reveals that main protective effects of milk thistle and its components are attributed to radical scavenging, anti-oxidative, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties, and regulating the inflammatory responses.

Sahar Fanoudi

Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi

Gholamreza Karimi

Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Milk thistle (Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review

水飞蓟（Silybum Marianum）作为天然或化学毒性的解毒剂或保护剂：综述

Alkaloids are naturally occurring compounds with complex structures found in natural plants. To further improve the understanding of plant alkaloids, this review focuses on the classification, toxicity and mechanisms of action, providing insight into the occurrence of alkaloid-poisoning events and guiding the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications. Based on their chemical structure, alkaloids can be divided into organic amines, diterpenoids, pyridines, isoquinolines, indoles, pyrrolidines, steroids, imidazoles and purines. The mechanisms of toxicity of alkaloids, including neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and cytotoxicity, have also been reviewed. Some cases of alkaloid poisoning have been introduced when used as food or clinically, including accidental food poisoning, excessive consumption, and poisoning caused by the improper use of alkaloids in a clinical setting, and the importance of safety evaluation was illustrated. This review summarizes the toxicity and mechanism of action of alkaloids and provides evidence for the need for the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications.

Nannan Yang

Jiafu Guo

Jian Zhang

Song Gao

Qiwen Xiang

Jiayu Wen

Yan Huang

Chaolong Rao

Yan Chen

A toxicological review of alkaloids

生物碱毒理学综述

Research on heat-induced food contaminants, such as furan, has shown its harmful effects on various systems. However, the impact of furan on Sertoli cells, a crucial male reproductive system cell, has not been studied. The investigation involved the treatment of furan to TM4 Sertoli cells at various concentrations (750, 1500, and 3000 µM) over a period of 24 h. This in vitro study determined that furan causes a decrease in Sertoli cell viability and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, leading to cytotoxicity. Additionally, we observed an increase in MDA, one of the oxidative stress markers, in Sertoli cells, indicating that furan exposure leads to lipid peroxidation. It was determined that enzyme activities in the antioxidant defense system in Sertoli cells decreased after furan exposure. The findings indicate that furan induces oxidative damage in Sertoli cells by impairing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and promoting the production of ROS. This study discovered that furan triggers apoptosis in Sertoli cells by damaging DNA and altering the expression levels of apoptotic genes. Moreover, results suggest that furan causes cellular toxicity and apoptosis, leading to damage to Sertoli cells and thus causing male infertility.

Yasemin Aydin

Yasemin Ulku Dikbasan

Banu Orta-Yilmaz

Furan impairs cell function by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse Sertoli cells in vitro

呋喃通过诱导氧化应激、DNA损伤和细胞凋亡损害小鼠塞尔托利细胞的体外功能

Mosquitoes serve as vectors for life-threatening parasitic diseases, presenting a continuous threat throughout human history. This has resulted in the extensive utilization of various mosquito repellents, including liquid mosquito repellents (LMRs), roll-ons, and topical creams. While these products demonstrate significant efficacy, the toxicological implications associated with their use are not yet fully understood and continue to be a subject of debate. The analysis conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on LMR revealed the presence of 158 distinct compounds, among which were Piperazine 2,5-dimethyl propyl and a range of hydrocarbons. The analysis of network toxicology indicated that 78 of the examined compounds contravened Lipinski's rule of five and exhibited considerable overlap with target genes associated with lung cancer pathways, thereby highlighting potential concerns regarding their carcinogenic properties. The exposure of zebrafish embryos to LMR concentrations between 0.1 and 14 µg/mL resulted in developmental toxicity assays that demonstrated a dose-dependent escalation in mortality rates and the occurrence of morphological abnormalities, such as pericardial edema and skeletal deformities. Behavioral assays demonstrated a marked decrease in locomotor activity at elevated LMR concentrations, indicating potential neurotoxic effects. Biochemical analyses revealed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced lipid peroxidation, and diminished glutathione, which are indicative of oxidative stress. Enzyme activity assays indicated a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, alongside an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, which suggests the occurrence of cellular damage. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated significant dysregulation in genes associated with oxidative stress (SOD1, CAT), inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptotic regulators (p53, bcl2), and neurobiological genes (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, bdnf). The results highlight the possible health hazards linked to LMR exposure, which manifest as developmental, biochemical, and genetic alterations in zebrafish embryos.

Gokul Sudhakaran

Karthikeyan Ramamurthy

V. N. Dhaareshwar

R. Rajakrishnan

Ahmed Alfarhan

Jesu Arockiaraj

Liquid mosquito repellent induces toxic effects in zebrafish

液体驱蚊剂对斑马鱼具有毒性作用

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics are prevalent contaminants in terrestrial environment. MPs possess the ability to absorb antibiotics, resulting in the formation of complex pollutants. While the accumulation and fate of MPs and antibiotics in marine ecosystems have been extensively studied, their combined pollution behavior in terrestrial environments remains relatively underexplored. This paper describes the sources, migration, and compound pollution of MPs and antibiotics in soil. It reviews the mechanisms of compound toxicity associated with antibiotics and MPs, combining different biological classifications. Moreover, we highlight the factors that influence the effects of MPs as vectors and the critical elements driving the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These information suggests the potential mitigation measures for MPs contamination from different perspectives to reduce the impact of ARGs-carrying MPs on human health, specifically through transmission via plants, microbes, or terrestrial vertebrates. Finally, we identify gaps in scientific knowledge regarding the interaction between MPs and antibiotics in soil environments, including the need for standardized research methods, multi-dimensional studies on complex ecological effects, and more comprehensive risk assessments of other pollutants on human health. In summary, this paper provides foundational information for assessing their combined toxicity, offers insights into the distribution of these emerging pollutants in soil, and contributes to a better understanding of the environmental impact of these contaminants.

Jia Du

Lichuan Zhan

Gengmiao Zhang

Qingwei Zhou

Weihong Wu

Antibiotic sorption onto MPs in terrestrial environment: a critical review of the transport, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicological effects and prospects

抗生素在陆地环境中向微塑料的吸附：关于迁移、生物累积、生态毒理效应及前景的批判性综述

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is categorized as a major endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) used to manufacture many plastic products. BPA affects reproductive performance and promotes infertility by causing hormonal imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered gene expression. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of BPA exposure for 28 days on the activity or level of antioxidant response elements (AREs), mRNA expressions of antioxidant genes, and histomorphological changes in the ovary of adult zebrafish. The adult female zebrafish were randomly divided into four experimental groups, viz. control, vehicle (0.01% ethanol), low dose (BPA: 350 µg/L), and high dose (BPA: 700 µg/L) exposure groups. After BPA exposure in both groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level were significantly (

Mihir R. Tank

Harshad B. Patel

Harsh R. Patel

Rajkumar S. Delvadiya

Urvesh D. Patel

Dhaval T. Fefar

Juhi M. Chauhan

Long-term exposure to bisphenol-A causes oxidative stress-related alterations at the genetic and cellular levels in the mature ovary of adult zebrafish

长期暴露于双酚A导致成年斑马鱼成熟卵巢在基因和细胞水平上发生氧化应激相关改变

Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae (HYZ) is a widely utilized herb in clinical practice, known for its significant biological activities. However, the associated hepatotoxicity poses limitations to its application. Our previous research indicated that the effective mitigation of HYZ-induced hepatotoxicity through the concoction with Radix Paeoniae Alba medicinal juice involves the incorporation of paeoniflorin (Pae) and a reduction in diosbulbin B (DB), the primary toxic compound in HYZ. This finding suggests that the introduced Pae may exert a direct attenuating effect on DB. In light of this, this study represents the first investigation into Pae's detoxification effect against DB-induced hepatotoxicity after administration for 2 months in mice vivo while also exploring underlying mechanisms related to inflammation and ferroptosis based on network pharmacology results. Our findings demonstrate that Pae significantly alleviates DB-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and ELISA analyses revealed that Pae effectively reversed elevated levels of hepatic inflammation-related markers-such as NF-κB, p38 MAPK, NLRP3, TNF-α, and IL-1β-as well as excessively high concentrations of ferroptosis-related MDA and Fe

Tianzhu Zhang

Bingyin Li

Junming Wang

Xiaohui Wu

Lingling Song

Yanmei Wang

Yueyue Zhang

Yamin Li

Introduced paeoniflorin reduces the main toxicity induced by diosbulbin B, the major toxic compound of Dioscorea bulbifera L.: involved inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis

引入的芍药苷减少黄独素B引发的主要毒性，黄独素B是黄独L.中的主要有毒化合物：涉及抑制炎症和铁死亡

Abbreviation	Drug. Chem. Toxicol.
Journal Impact	2.16
Quartiles(Global)	TOXICOLOGY(Q3)

ISSN	0148-0545, 1525-6014
h-index	54

Publication Information	Publisher: Informa Healthcare，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1978，Proportion of original research papers: 96.05%，Self Citation Rate:4.80%， Gold OA Rate: 1.18%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均3月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约75%

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

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Milk thistle (Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review

A toxicological review of alkaloids

Furan impairs cell function by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse Sertoli cells in vitro

Liquid mosquito repellent induces toxic effects in zebrafish

Antibiotic sorption onto MPs in terrestrial environment: a critical review of the transport, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicological effects and prospects

Furan impairs cell function by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse Sertoli cells in vitro

Liquid mosquito repellent induces toxic effects in zebrafish

Antibiotic sorption onto MPs in terrestrial environment: a critical review of the transport, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicological effects and prospects

Long-term exposure to bisphenol-A causes oxidative stress-related alterations at the genetic and cellular levels in the mature ovary of adult zebrafish

Introduced paeoniflorin reduces the main toxicity induced by diosbulbin B, the major toxic compound of Dioscorea bulbifera L.: involved inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis