BEHAVIORAL BRAIN RESEARCH 是一份国际性的跨学科期刊，致力于发表广泛定义的行为神经科学领域的文章。只要目标是描述行为背后的神经机制，来自包括神经科学、行为科学或认知科学的整个学科范围的贡献都是合适的。因此，研究的范围可以从对脑行为关系的神经生理学、神经解剖学、神经化学或神经药理学分析，包括使用分子遗传学或行为遗传学方法，到涉及使用脑成像技术的研究，再到神经行为学研究。鼓励原创研究、主要方法学进展或新颖概念方法的报告。该杂志还将考虑对选定主题的批评性评论。

Behavioural Brain Research is an international interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing articles in the broadly defined field of behavioral neuroscience. Contributions from a wide range of disciplines, including neuroscience, behavioral science, and cognitive science, are welcome as long as the aim is to describe the neural mechanisms underlying behavior. Thus, the scope of research can range from neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, neurochemical, or neuropharmacological analyses of the brain-behavior relationship, including studies using molecular genetics or behavioral genetics methods, to research involving brain imaging techniques, and to studies in neurobehavior. We encourage reports of original research, significant methodological advancements, or novel conceptual approaches. The journal also considers critical reviews on selected topics.

《Behavioural Brain Research》是一本国际跨学科期刊，专注于发表行为神经科学领域的研究文章。只要研究目标是描述行为背后的神经机制，来自神经科学、行为科学或认知科学等各个学科的贡献都是适合的。因此，研究范围可以包括对脑与行为关系的神经生理学、神经解剖学、神经化学或神经药理学的分析，使用分子遗传学或行为遗传学方法的研究，应用脑成像技术的研究，以及神经行为学的研究。我们鼓励原创研究、主要方法学进展或新颖概念的报告。此外，该期刊也欢迎对特定主题的批评性评论。

Behavioural Brain Research

The paper focuses on the biology of stress and resilience and their biomarkers in humans from the system science perspective. A stressor pushes the physiological system away from its baseline state toward a lower utility state. The physiological system may return toward the original state in one attractor basin but may be shifted to a state in another, lower utility attractor basin. While some physiological changes induced by stressors may benefit health, there is often a chronic wear and tear cost due to implementing changes to enable the return of the system to its baseline state and maintain itself in the high utility baseline attractor basin following repeated perturbations. This cost, also called allostatic load, is the utility reduction associated with both a change in state and with alterations in the attractor basin that affect system responses following future perturbations. This added cost can increase the time course of the return to baseline or the likelihood of moving into a different attractor basin following a perturbation. Opposite to this is the system's resilience which influences its ability to return to the high utility attractor basin following a perturbation by increasing the likelihood and/or speed of returning to the baseline state following a stressor. This review paper is a qualitative systematic review; it covers areas most relevant for moving the stress and resilience field forward from a more quantitative and neuroscientific perspective.

Barry S. Oken

Irina Chamine

Wayne Wakeland

A systems approach to stress, stressors and resilience in humans

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is one of the common symptoms in stroke survivors, by which their quality of life and rehabilitation progress are severely limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proven to regulate cognition in a non-invasive way. However, the inconsistency in its effectiveness on PSCI reported in previous studies cannot be ruled out. A critical and comprehensive systematic review of rTMS on PSCI patients is necessary.

Kun-Peng Li

Jie Sun

Cai-Qin Wu

Xu-Fei An

Jia-Jia Wu

Mou-Xiong Zheng

Xu-Yun Hua

Jian-Guang Xu

Behavioural brain research

Behav Brain Res

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke patients with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

重复经颅磁刺激对卒中后认知障碍患者的影响：系统综述与荟萃分析。

Remimazolam, a novel benzodiazepine, is widely used as an anesthetic in endoscopic procedures; however, its effects on cognitive function remain unclear, limiting its broader application in general anaesthesia. Neuroinflammation is a well-established key factor in the etiology and progression of cognitive dysfunction, including conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, postoperative delirium, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that remimazolam exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and clinical reports indicate a reduced incidence of postoperative delirium in patients treated with remimazolam. Nevertheless, whether remimazolam improves cognitive function through its anti-inflammatory properties remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of remimazolam and its underlying mechanism in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, and cognitive dysfunction METHODS: C57BL/6J male mice were administered LPS intraperitoneally to establish a model of neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairment. A subset of mice received remimazolam via intraperitoneal injection 30minutes prior to LPS administration. Cognitive performance was evaluated using behavioural tests, including the Morris Water Maze (MWM), Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test, and Open Field Test (OFT). Hippocampal tissues were analyzed by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to assess structural changes. Inflammatory markers, including Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect translocator protein (TSPO) and markers of microglia activation (IBA-1, CD16/32, and CD206).

Leguang Zhou

Mengzhe Xiao

Hongzhao Shi

Wenjie Liu

Lijuan Wang

Shangtao Zhou

Shenghua Chen

Yan Wang

Chengxi Liu

Remimazolam attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction

瑞马唑仑减轻脂多糖诱导的神经炎症和认知功能障碍

Chronic sleep deprivation may be required to reveal the most serious physiological consequences of sleep loss, but it usually requires strong stimulation which can obscure the interpretation of effects. The disk-over-water method permits chronic sleep deprivation of rats with gentle physical stimulation that can be equally applied to yoked control rats. A series of studies with this method has revealed little or no pathology in the control rats. The deprived rats show a reliable syndrome that includes temperature changes (which vary with the sleep stages that are lost); heat seeking behavior; increased food intake; weight loss; increased metabolic rate; increased plasma norepinephrine; decreased plasma thyroxine; an increased triiodothyronine-thyroxine ratio; and an increase of an enzyme which mediates thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue. The temperature changes are attributable to excessive heat loss and an elevated thermoregulatory setpoint, both of which increase thermoregulatory load, and the other changes are interpretable as responses to this increased load. This pattern indicates that sleep serves a thermoregulatory function in the rat. The sleep deprived rats also show stereotypic ulcerative and hyperkeratotic lesions localized to the tail and plantar surfaces of the paws, and they die within a matter of weeks; the mediation of these changes is unresolved.

A Rechtschaffen

B M Bergmann

Sleep deprivation in the rat by the disk-over-water method.

水盘法导致大鼠睡眠剥夺。

The hippocampus is hypothesised to be critical for episodic memory in humans and episodic-like memory in animals. Human data regarding the roles of the various subregional networks within the hippocampus is difficult to obtain. In this article we examine the current rodent literature on episodic-like memory and associative recognition and review the roles of the hippocampal subregions in these behavioural tasks. We focus on the large amount of recent data reporting roles for CA3 and CA1 in allocentric spatial and temporal associative memory respectively. Our own recent data are then presented detailing critical roles for CA3 and CA1 in an associative recognition task which does not require allocentric spatial or temporal processing. These data support more generic roles for CA3 and CA1 in episodic-like memory, based on anatomical and theoretical literature on hippocampal function. We also present a novel analysis of our data in which we suggest that the encoding of object, place and context information is unaffected by lesions of the hippocampus and therefore infer that it may be the storage or retrieval phase of this associative memory which is critically dependent on hippocampal function. In conclusion however, more specific anatomically and temporally controlled methods are needed to fully define the role of hippocampal subregions in episodic-like memory.

Rosamund F Langston

Cassie H Stevenson

Claire L Wilson

Ian Saunders

Emma R Wood

The role of hippocampal subregions in memory for stimulus associations.

海马亚区在刺激关联记忆中的作用。

Depression is associated with functional brain impairments, although comprehensive studies remain limited. This study reviews neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in depression and identifies associated activation abnormalities in brain regions. The study also explores the underlying neural processes of cognitive benefits of exercise intervention for depression. Executive function impairments, including working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility are associated with frontal cortex and anterior cingulate areas, especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Depression is associated with certain neural impairments of reward processing, especially orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and other striatal regions. Depressed patients exhibit decreased activity in the hippocampus during memory function. Physical exercise has been found to enhance memory function, executive function, and reward processing in depression patients by increasing functional brain regions and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a nutritional factor also plays a key role in exercise intervention. The study documents neurophysiological mechanisms behind exercise intervention's improved functions. In summary, the study provides insights into neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in depression and the effectiveness of exercise as a treatment.

Huizi Tian

Zhifang Wang

Yao Meng

Lu Geng

Hao Lian

Zhifei Shi

Zhidong Zhuang

Wenpeng Cai

Mengyang He

Neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in depression and cognitive benefits of exercise intervention

抑郁症认知障碍的神经机制及运动干预的认知益处

Energy balance and body weight are tightly regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems of the brain. These systems are ultimately finely tuned by hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neurocircuitry that modulate feeding and the appetite signalling cascade. The hypothalamus has been extensively researched and its role in homeostatic regulation of energy balance is well established. Later on, evidence indicated that extrahypothalamic signalling also has a critical role in regulation of body mass across the lifespan. One of these brain regions was the brainstem and specifically the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), which comprises of the area postrema (AP), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and dorsal motor complex of the vagus (DMV). These brain stem nuclei were shown to also finely tune feeding behaviour through catecholaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signals. Moreover, these nuclei also receive afferent signals from the viscera through the gut, as well as humoral input from the bloodstream. Therefore, these brain stem nuclei are deemed as the port of entry where initial appetite-related signals are first conveyed and then modulated to the forebrain to hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic regions such as the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Understanding the intricate interactions and projections between hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei is instrumental to comprehend energy balance regulation as a whole and to potentially address metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Further research in this area may lead to the development of targeted pharmacological and lifestyle intervention strategies that could lead to mitigation of metabolic disorders and/or promote a healthier body mass across the life span.

Matevz Arcon

The interplay between hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei in homeostatic control of energy balance

下丘脑与脑干核团在能量平衡稳态控制中的相互作用

Affective processing is important for guiding behavior and its dysfunction can lead to several psychiatric illnesses, including depression and substance use disorders. Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is used to study learned shifts in affect, and taste reactivity (TR) can effectively track the hedonic properties of appetitive and aversive tastants before and after CTA. While the infralimbic cortex (IL) and its projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell play a key role in learned negative affect, this role is unique to males. Here, we sought to determine if the prelimbic cortex (PrL) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) core circuit, another prefrontal cortex-accumbens system, tracks innate versus learned negative affect using electrophysiological (local field potential, LFP) methods in male and female rats. As expected, CTA elicited a hedonic shift from an appetitive to an aversive TR profile, regardless of sex. However, time-frequency analyses revealed differential activity in the PrL and NAc core during innate and learned negative affect across sex. Specifically, we found that beta oscillations in the NAc core encode learned negative affect in males, while neither brain region seems to be selectively attuned to innate or learned aversion in females. Importantly, LFP functional connectivity (coherence) indicated that the PrL-NAc core circuit does not track any aspect of learned negative affect in either sex but may be involved in innate aversion in males only. Collectively, these data provide a sex-specific understanding of real-time oscillatory signaling dynamics in the PrL and NAc core during innate versus learned negative affect.

Pedro L Rodriguez-Echemendia

Regina M Carelli

Sex Differences in Oscillatory Signaling Dynamics in the Prelimbic Cortex, and Nucleus Accumbens Core during Negative Affect

前侧皮质和伏隔核核心在负面情绪中振荡信号动态的性别差异

Modelling delay discounting behavior in rodents is important for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive control and associated impulsivity disorders. Conventional rodent delay discounting procedures require extensive training and frequent experimenter interaction, as rodents are tested in separate operant chambers away from their home cage. To address these limitations, we adapted and characterize here a self-adjusting delay discounting procedure to an automated CombiCage setup. Rodents were trained during the most active phase of the light-dark cycle, completing 120 trials daily. During each session, we measured large reward preference, mean adjusted delay, and trial participation across multiple delays. Results showed that rodents exhibited discounting behavior after two weeks, with performance stability increasing at 7 weeks training with delay. We also evaluated the influence of altering the consecutive choice criteria (ccc), number of trial choices for a delay step to adjust up or down. Lower ccc (3 vs 8) increased both the number of delay steps encountered per session and task participation. Additionally, we examined the effects of pharmacological interventions, including the psychostimulant amphetamine and the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390. A high dose amphetamine reduced preference for large immediate and short delayed rewards and decreased the mean adjusted delay in a non-dose dependent manner, while SCH23390 did not affect task performance. Together, this novel automated self-adjusting procedure enables high-throughput collection of delay discounting data, with potential applications for investigating impulsivity across the lifespan. However, the current extended session design may limit its suitability for pharmacological evaluations.

Madison R Carr

Yvar van Mourik

Paula Gomez-Sotres

Marcello Solinas

Taco J de Vries

Tommy Pattij

Assessment of impulsivity using an automated, self-adjusting delay discounting procedure

使用自动化、自适应延迟折扣程序评估冲动性

The mechanisms governing food intake and appetite regulation in the brain are intricate and vary across different animal species. Dopamine and cholecystokinin (CCK) are recognized as two critical neurotransmitters involved in the control of food intake; however, the potential interactions between these neurotransmitters remain poorly understood. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the interactions between central CCK and the dopaminergic system in the feeding behavior of layer-type chickens. In this experiment, birds were administered intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of CCK4, CCK8, and CCK8s at doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 nmol, respectively. Additionally, various compounds were injected ICV, including L-DOPA (a dopamine precursor), 6-OHDA (a dopamine synthesis inhibitor), SCH 23390 (a D1 receptor antagonist), AMI-193 (a D2 receptor antagonist), NGB 2904 (a D3 receptor antagonist), and L-741,742 (a D4 receptor antagonist), either alone or in combination with CCK8s (1 nmol). The cumulative feed consumption was measured at 30, 60, and 120minutes following the injections. The results indicated that ICV administration of CCK4 and CCK8 did not significantly influence feeding behavior (P≥0.05). In contrast, CCK8s at a dose of 1 nmol resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in feed consumption (P<0.05). Furthermore, SCH 23390 (5 nmol) and 6-OHDA (150 nmol) mitigated the inhibitory effect of CCK8s on feed consumption (P<0.05), whereas NGB2904 (6.4 nmol), AMI-193 (5 nmol), L-741,742 (6 nmol), and L-DOPA (125 nmol) did not exhibit significant effects (P≥0.05). This study substantiates the involvement of D1 receptors in the hypophagic response induced by CCK8s in layer-type chickens.

Mahshid Ebrahimnejad

Morteza Zendehdel

Vahab Babapour

Bita Vazir

Alireza Jahandideh

Interaction between central cholecystokinin and dopaminergic system in layer-type chickens' food intake

层状鸡食物摄入中中枢胆囊收缩素与多巴胺能系统的相互作用

Abbreviation	Behav. Brain Res.
Journal Impact	2.46
Quartiles(Global)	NEUROSCIENCES(Q3)

ISSN	0166-4328, 1872-7549
h-index	193

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier B.V.，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1980，Proportion of original research papers: 96.83%，Self Citation Rate:3.80%， Gold OA Rate: 20.23%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均2月来源Elsevier官网：平均7周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约25%来源Elsevier官网：50%

Behavioural Brain Research

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