WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 发表关于水和废水科学技术各个方面的同行评议论文。论文通过严格的同行评审程序选择，旨在快速和广泛地传播研究成果、新技术的开发和应用以及相关的管理和政策问题。科学家、工程师、顾问、管理人员和政策制定者会发现这本期刊作为研究活动及其实际应用进展的永久记录是必不可少的。

The journal "Water Science and Technology" publishes peer-reviewed papers on all aspects of water and wastewater science and technology. Papers are selected through a rigorous peer review process, aimed at the rapid and broad dissemination of research findings, the development and application of new technologies, and related management and policy issues. Scientists, engineers, consultants, managers, and policymakers will find this journal an essential record of the progress of research activities and their practical applications.

《Water Science and Technology》期刊发表关于水和废水科学技术各个方面的同行评审论文。所有论文经过严格的同行评审程序，旨在快速而广泛地传播研究成果、新技术的开发与应用，以及相关的管理和政策问题。科学家、工程师、顾问、管理人员和政策制定者将发现，这本期刊是研究活动及其实际应用进展的重要记录。

Water Science and Technology

The treatment of ammonium rich wastewater, like sludge digester effluent, can be significantly improved when new biotechnological processes are introduced. In this paper, the combination of a partial nitrification process (SHARON®) and anoxic ammonium oxidation (Anammox®) process for the treatment of ammonia rich influents is evaluated. Herein the combined process has been studied with sludge recycle liquor from the WWTP Rotterdam-Dokhaven. The SHARON process was operated stably for more than 2 years in a 10 l CSTR under continuous aeration with a HRT of 1 day. The ammonia in the sludge liquor was converted by 53% to nitrite only. During the test period no formation of nitrate was observed. The effluent of the SHARON process was ideally suited as influent for the Anammox reactor. The Anammox process was operated as a granular sludge SBR-process. More than 80% of the ammonia was converted into dinitrogen gas at a load of 1.2 kgN/m3 per day. Planctomycete-like bacteria dominated the mixed community of the Anammox reactor, and only a small percentage of the population consisted of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. This showed that the ammonium-oxidizers in the effluent of the SHARON process did not accumulate in the SBR. The test period showed that the combined SHARON-Anammox system can work stably over long periods and the process is ready for full-scale implementation.

U. van Dongen

M. S.M. Jetten

M. C.M. van Loosdrecht

Water Science & Technology

The SHARON®-Anammox® process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater

Dynamic simulation and applications of a novel, continuous-fed, constant level modified sequencing batch reactor for biological nutrient removal are presented. The underlying mathematical model and practical applications of the simulation are discussed. Case studies are presented to illustrate the applications as well as the flexibility of the system in meeting different wastewater treatment requirements. Operation experience from full-scale wastewater treatment plant demonstrates the reliability, ease of operation and high efficiency of the system. Average BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and TSS removals of 97, 81, 88 and 94% are achieved respectively on an annual basis with little operator attention. Consistently high waste activated sludge concentrations are demonstrated, averaging approximately 20,000 mg/L.

W. Wu

P. Timpany

B. Dawson

Simulation and applications of a novel modified SBR system for biological nutrient removal

Waste waters from the waste paper industry and landfill leachates contain high calcium concentrations. Treatment of those waste waters in an anaerobic system will lead to extensive precipitation of calcium carbonates. Problems due to accumulation of calcium carbonate in anaerobic reactors can be avoided by applying a crystallization reactor to remove calcium from the influent. This solution, however, is expensive due to the need to dose alkalinity. In this paper, the possibility of reusing the produced alkalinity by recirculating anaerobic effluent was investigated. Calculations and experiments were carried out to investigate to what extent calcium could be removed from the influent. Experiments were carried out in a 4.5 1 UASB reactor and a 0.8 1 crystallization reactor, seeded with sand. The influent contained up to 1800 mg.l −1 calcium and the substrate was acetic acid. Removal of calcium from the influent could be successfully accomplished. Recirculation of the anaerobic effluent supplied sufficient bicarbonate alkalinity for crystallization. Consequently, no extra chemicals (i.e. Na 2 CO 3 and/or NaOH) were needed. A chemical equilibrium model, with adapted pseudo solubility products, is a very useful tool to determine the proper recycle ratio of effluent for optimal performance.

E.P.A. van Langerak

H.V.M. Hamelers

G. Lettinga

Influent calcium removal by crystallization reusing anaerobic effluent alkalinity

利用厌氧出水碱度结晶去除进水钙

Efficient water management of crops requires accurate irrigation scheduling which, in turn, requires the accurate measurement of crop water requirement. Irrigation is applied to replenish depleted moisture for optimum plant growth. Reference evapotranspiration plays an important role for the determination of water requirements for crops and irrigation scheduling. Various models/approaches varying from empirical to physically base distributed are available for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration. Mathematical models are useful tools to estimate the evapotranspiration and water requirement of crops, which is essential information required to design or choose best water management practices. In this paper the most commonly used models/approaches, which are suitable for the estimation of daily water requirement for agricultural crops grown in different agro-climatic regions, are reviewed. Further, an effort has been made to compare the accuracy of various widely used methods under different climatic conditions.

R. Kumar

M. K. Jat

V. Shankar

Methods to estimate irrigated reference crop evapotranspiration – a review

灌溉参考作物蒸散发量估算方法综述

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the low impact development (LID) practices on sustainable urban flood storm water management. We applied three LID techniques, i.e. green roof, permeable pavements and bioretention cells, on a highly urbanized watershed in Istanbul, Turkey. The EPA-SWMM was used as a hydrologic-hydraulic model and the model calibration was performed by the well-known Parameter ESTimation (PEST) tool. The rainfall-runoff events occurred between 2012 and 2020. A sensitivity analysis on the parameter selection was applied to reduce the computational cost. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) was used as the objective function and it was calculated as 0.809 in the model calibration. The simulations were conducted for six different return periods of a storm event, i.e. 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, in which the synthetic storm event hyetographs were produced by means of the alternating block method. The results revealed that the combination of green roof and permeable pavements have the major impact on both the peak flood reduction and runoff volume reduction compared to the single LIDs. The maximum runoff reduction percentage was obtained as 56.02% for a 10 years return period of a storm event in the combination scenario.

Ömer Ekmekcioğlu

Muhammet Yılmaz

Mehmet Özger

Fatih Tosunoğlu

Investigation of the low impact development strategies for highly urbanized area via auto-calibrated Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)

ABSTRACT Trenchless pipe renewal can, in many cases, be a more cost-, time- and environmentally effective alternative to traditional open-cut replacement. It reduces service disruptions for surrounding infrastructures and is often cheaper, especially when extensive excavation works are necessary. This is particularly true in cold climates, like Norway, where trenches are traditionally deep due to increased frost security requirements. Still, the uptake of trenchless technologies is still rather limited in the Norwegian market. In this study, a set of interviews was conducted with several representative actors in the Norwegian water industry (water utilities, contractors, and consultants), with the aim of revealing how the technology for renewal of a pipe is selected in the planning phase and identifying hindering and enabling factors for trenchless technology uptake in the market. Relevant factors identified include market conservativism, lack of trust between stakeholders, missing guidelines about the distribution of risk, lack of knowledge/specialization in utilities and consultant offices, as well as issues pertaining to the project delivery method chosen and tendering process. These factors give an indication of which measures could be implemented to increase the uptake of trenchless technologies in the Norwegian and similar markets.

Marius Møller Rokstad

Stian Bruaset

Bjørn Solnes Skaar

Eirik Otnæs Borgen

Franz Tscheikner-Gratl

Pardon my trench: reflections on the uptake of trenchless technologies in the Norwegian water sector

请原谅我的沟渠：反思挪威水务部门对非开挖技术的采用

ABSTRACT Biogas, consisting mainly of CO2 and CH4, offers a sustainable source of energy. However, this gaseous stream has been undervalued in wastewater treatment plants owing to its high CO2 content. Biogas upgrading by capturing CO2 broadens its utilisation as a substitute for natural gas. Although biogas upgrading is a widely studied topic, only up to 35% of produced raw biogas is upgraded in the world. To open avenues for development research on biogas upgrading, this paper reviews biogas as a component in global renewable energy production and upgrading technologies focusing on electrochemically driven CO2 capture systems. Recent progress in electrochemical CO2 separation including its energy requirement, CO2 recovery rate, and challenges for upscaling are critically explored. Electrochemical CO2 separation systems stand out for achieving the most affordable technology among the upgrading systems with a low net energy requirement of 0.25 kWh/kg CO2. However, its lower CO2 recovery rate compared to conventional technologies, which leads to high capital expenditure limits the commercialisation of this technology. In the last part of this review, the future perspectives to overcome the challenges associated with electrochemical CO2 capture are discussed.

Hossein Mohammadpour

Ka Yu Cheng

Almantas Pivrikas

Goen Ho

A review of biogas upgrading technologies: key emphasis on electrochemical systems

生物气升级技术综述：重点介绍电化学系统

ABSTRACT Moving bed biofilm reactors can purify urban domestic sewage through microbial biodegradation. High-throughput sequencing was used to study the response mechanism of the biofilm microbial community to temperature. The effluent quality of the reactor declined with the decrease in temperature. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Nitrospirota were the dominant bacteria, accounting for 59.2, 11.9, and 9.4%, respectively. Gammaproteobacteria (38.3%), Alphaproteobacteria (23.2%), and Bacteroidia (12.4%) were the dominant bacteria at the class level. The low temperature had an obvious directional domestication effect on microbial flora, and the composition of the bacterial community was more similar. Pseudomonas was one of the dominant bacterial groups at 5 °C. Nitrospira (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and Trichococcus (p &amp;lt; 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with effluent ammonia nitrogen and significantly positively correlated with NO3− (p &amp;lt; 0.05) at low temperature. Functional bacteria related to chemoheterotrophy (25.88%) and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy (21.56%) accounted for a relatively high proportion. The bacteria related to nitrate reduction only accounted for 2.62%. Studies have shown that low temperatures can inhibit the growth of nitrogen-cycling bacteria, and few domesticated and selected nitrogen-cycling bacteria play a major role in the removal and transformation of ammonia nitrogen. The degradation of chemical oxygen demand can still be achieved through the adsorption and degradation of dominant functional bacteria.

Xiaoxiao Zhu

Wenjie Chang

Yu Kong

Ying Cai

Zhaoming Huang

Tianqi Wu

Miao Zhang

Huijun Nie

Yuan Wang

Effects of low temperature on the microbial community of MBBR filler biofilm

低温对MBBR填料生物膜微生物群落的影响

ABSTRACT The management of municipal wastewater sludge is a significant challenge for wastewater management, particularly the need to manage and dispose of the sludge in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. The emergence of stricter regulations regarding landfill disposal of wastewater sludge necessitates the need for alternative options for municipal wastewater sludge management, with thermochemical technologies potentially contributing towards achieving carbon neutrality goals and fostering sustainable development. This study sought to address these challenges through a technical and financial evaluation of a pilot-scale emerging thermochemical technology, the enhanced hydrothermal polymerization (EHTP) to provide an adequate understanding of the technology's feasibility regarding its application for municipal wastewater sludge volarization into a multi-use hydrochar. The study findings indicated that the EHTP-generated hydrochar exhibited significant energy content compared to wastewater sludge, suggesting the potential use of the hydrochar as an energy source. The preliminary designs of a full-scale greenfield installation and retrofit processing 50 and 35 t/day dry sludge, respectively, were evaluated to be technically feasible. Furthermore, on the basis of preliminary designs, the EHTP technology was determined to be the most financially feasible option, also offering other unique advantages over well-established technologies currently used within municipal wastewater services.

John Ngoni Zvimba

Eustina Musvoto

Buyisile Kholisa

Technical and financial evaluation of an emerging thermochemical technology for sustainable management of municipal wastewater sludge

新兴热化学技术在城市污水处理污泥可持续管理中的技术与经济评估

ABSTRACT Heavy metals pose a significant threat to human health, with contaminated water sources linked to severe conditions, including gastric cancer. Consequently, the effective remediation of heavy metals is crucial. This study employs a bibliographic analysis to examine key methodologies, leading organizations, and prominent countries involved in heavy metal remediation. By systematically reviewing around 1,000 records, the paper identifies the most critical remediation techniques and provides a comprehensive overview of current practices in the field. Additionally, the study explores prospects, emphasizing the potential of emerging technologies such as big data and machine learning to enhance remediation efforts. It highlights recent advancements, identifies significant trends, such as the growing use of bioremediation and nanotechnology, and addresses critical challenges in the remediation landscape, including regulatory hurdles and technological limitations. By making stronger connections between the identified trends and their implications for future research, this comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights and guide the development of improved strategies for mitigating the impact of heavy metal contamination, ultimately safeguarding public health.

Shan Chen

Yuanzhao Ding

Systematic bibliographic analysis of heavy metal remediation

重金属修复的系统文献分析

Abbreviation	Water. Sci. Technol.
Journal Impact	2.51
Quartiles(Global)	WATER RESOURCES(Q2)

ISSN	0273-1223, 1996-9732
h-index	157

Publication Information	Publisher: IWA Publishing，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 1980，Proportion of original research papers: 94.87%，Self Citation Rate:4.00%， Gold OA Rate: 97.26%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均2.8个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：71%

Water Science and Technology

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