"Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology" presents critical reviews on all topical fields of normal and experimental anatomy including cell biology. The multi-perspective presentation of morphological aspects of basic biological phenomen in the human constitutes the main focus of the series. The contributions re-evaluate the latest findings and show ways for further research.

"Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology" presents critical reviews on all topical fields of normal and experimental anatomy, including cell biology. The main focus of the series is the multi-perspective presentation of the morphological aspects of basic biological phenomena in humans. Contributors re-evaluate the latest findings and outline directions for further research.

《Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology》期刊提供关于正常和实验解剖学各个领域的关键评论，包括细胞生物学。该系列的主要焦点是多角度展示人类基本生物现象的形态学方面。贡献者重新评估最新发现，并展示进一步研究的方向。

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology

Eusebio S. Pires

The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Reproductive System Development and Function

The Unmysterious Roles of HSP90: Ovarian Pathology and Autoantibodies

HSP90的非神秘角色：卵巢病理与自身抗体

Successful reproduction relies on the union of a single chromosomally normal egg and sperm. Chromosomally normal eggs develop from precursor cells, called oocytes, that have undergone accurate chromosome segregation. The process of chromosome segregation is governed by the oocyte spindle, a unique cytoskeletal machine that splits chromatin content of the meiotically dividing oocyte. The oocyte spindle develops and functions in an idiosyncratic process, which is vulnerable to genetic variation in spindle-associated proteins. Human genetic variants in several spindle-associated proteins are associated with poor clinical fertility outcomes, suggesting that heritable etiologies for oocyte dysfunction leading to infertility exist and that the spindle is a crux for female fertility. This chapter examines the mammalian oocyte spindle through the lens of human genetic variation, covering the genes TUBB8, TACC3, CEP120, AURKA, AURKC, AURKB, BUB1B, and CDC20. Specifically, it explores how patient-identified variants perturb spindle development and function, and it links these molecular changes in the oocyte to their cognate clinical consequences, such as oocyte maturation arrest, elevated egg aneuploidy, primary ovarian insufficiency, and recurrent pregnancy loss. This discussion demonstrates that small genetic errors in oocyte meiosis can result in remarkably far-ranging embryonic consequences, and thus reveals the importance of the oocyte's fine machinery in sustaining life.

Leelabati Biswas

Karen Schindler

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology

Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol

Predicting Infertility: How Genetic Variants in Oocyte Spindle Genes Affect Egg Quality

预测不孕症：卵母细胞纺锤体基因的遗传变异如何影响卵子质量

The regulation of mRNA transcription and translation is uncoupled during oogenesis. The reason for this uncoupling is two-fold. Chromatin is only accessible to the transcriptional machinery during the growth phase as it condenses prior to resumption of meiosis to ensure faithful segregation of chromosomes during meiotic maturation. Thus, transcription rates are high during this time period in order to produce all of the transcripts needed for meiosis, fertilization, and embryo cleavage until the newly formed embryonic genome becomes transcriptionally active. To ensure appropriate timing of key developmental milestones including chromatin condensation, resumption of meiosis, segregation of chromosomes, and polar body extrusion, the translation of protein from transcripts synthesized during oocyte growth must be temporally regulated. This is achieved by the regulation of mRNA interaction with RNA binding proteins and shortening and lengthening of the poly(A) tail. This chapter details the essential factors that regulate the dynamic changes in mRNA synthesis, storage, translation, and degradation during oocyte growth and maturation.

Alison F. Ermisch

Jennifer R. Wood

Regulation of Oocyte mRNA Metabolism: A Key Determinant of Oocyte Developmental Competence

卵母细胞mRNA代谢的调控：卵母细胞发育能力的关键决定因素

DNA damage poses a significant challenge to all eukaryotic cells, leading to mutagenesis, genome instability and senescence. In somatic cells, the failure to repair damaged DNA can lead to cancer development, whereas, in oocytes, it can lead to ovarian dysfunction and infertility. The response of the cell to DNA damage entails a series of sequential and orchestrated events including sensing the DNA damage, activating DNA damage checkpoint, chromatin-related conformational changes, activating the DNA damage repair machinery and/or initiating the apoptotic cascade. This chapter focuses on how somatic cells and mammalian oocytes respond to DNA damage. Specifically, we will discuss how and why fully grown mammalian oocytes differ drastically from somatic cells and growing oocytes in their response to DNA damage.

Fei Sun

Peter Sutovsky

Amanda L. Patterson

Ahmed Z. Balboula

Mechanisms of DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes

哺乳动物卵母细胞中DNA损伤反应的机制

In mammals, oogenesis initiates before birth and pauses at the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I until luteinizing hormone (LH) surges to resume meiosis. Oocyte maturation refers to the resumption of meiosis that directs oocytes to advance from prophase I to metaphase II of meiosis. This process is carefully modulated to ensure a normal ovulation and successful fertilization. By generating excessive amounts of oxidative stress, environmental toxicants can disrupt the oocyte maturation. In this review, we categorized these environmental toxicants that induce mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal spindle formation. Further, we discussed the underlying mechanisms that hinder oocyte maturation, including mitochondrial function, spindle formation, and DNA damage response.

Reza Rajabi-Toustani

Qinan Hu

Shuangqi Wang

Huanyu Qiao

How Do Environmental Toxicants Affect Oocyte Maturation Via Oxidative Stress?

环境毒物如何通过氧化应激影响卵母细胞成熟？

The primary mechanism of telomere elongation in mammals is reverse transcription by telomerase. An alternative (ALT) pathway elongates telomeres by homologous recombination in some cancer cells and during pre-implantation embryo development, when telomere length increases rapidly within a few cell cycles. The maternal and paternal telomeres in the zygote are genetically and epigenetically distinct, with differences in telomere length and in chromatin packaging. We discuss models for how these asymmetries may contribute to telomere regulation during the earliest embryonic cell cycles and suggest directions for future research.

ISSN	0301-5556, 2192-7065
h-index	42

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Verlag，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1973，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology

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The Unmysterious Roles of HSP90: Ovarian Pathology and Autoantibodies

Predicting Infertility: How Genetic Variants in Oocyte Spindle Genes Affect Egg Quality

Regulation of Oocyte mRNA Metabolism: A Key Determinant of Oocyte Developmental Competence

Mechanisms of DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes

How Do Environmental Toxicants Affect Oocyte Maturation Via Oxidative Stress?

Predicting Infertility: How Genetic Variants in Oocyte Spindle Genes Affect Egg Quality

Regulation of Oocyte mRNA Metabolism: A Key Determinant of Oocyte Developmental Competence

Mechanisms of DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes

How Do Environmental Toxicants Affect Oocyte Maturation Via Oxidative Stress?

Telomere Elongation During Pre-Implantation Embryo Development