POSTĘPY BIOLOGII KOMÓRKI (PBK) drukują artykuły przeglądowe w języku polskim lub angielskim z zakresu najnowszych osiągnięć biologii komórki, niepublikowane dotąd w innych wydawnictwach. Autorzy odpowiadają za ścisłość podawanych informacji. Obowiązuje terminologia zgodna z polskim mianownictwem biochemicznym, histologicznym, anatomicznym i embriologicznym oraz Słownikiem Biologii Komórki PAU 2008. Artykuły drukowane w PBK bez zgody redakcji nie mogą być publikowane w innych periodykach.

The journal "Advances in Cell Biology" (POSTĘPY BIOLOGII KOMÓRKI, PBK) publishes review articles in Polish or English on the latest achievements in cell biology that have not been previously published in other outlets. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the information provided. The terminology used must comply with the Polish nomenclature in biochemistry, histology, anatomy, and embryology, as well as the 2008 PAU Dictionary of Cell Biology. Articles published in PBK cannot be published in other periodicals without the consent of the editorial board.

《Advances in Cell Biology》期刊（POSTĘPY BIOLOGII KOMÓRKI，PBK）发表关于细胞生物学最新进展的综述文章，文章可用波兰语或英语撰写，且未曾在其他出版物上发表。作者需对所提供信息的准确性负责。期刊使用的术语应符合波兰生物化学、组织学、解剖学和胚胎学的命名规范，以及2008年PAU细胞生物学词典的标准。未经编辑部同意，PBK上发表的文章不得在其他期刊上发布。

Advances in Cell Biology

M.K. Chadzinska

Postępy Biologii Komórki

Opioid system and innate immunity - comparative studies II. opioids and inflammation

阿片系统与先天免疫 - 比较研究 II. 阿片类药物与炎症

Opioid system and innate immunity - comparative studies. I. Opioids and opioid receptors

阿片系统与先天免疫 - 比较研究。I. 阿片类物质与阿片受体

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Anna Stolecka

Małgorzata Chalimoniuk

Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 and its Role in Parkinson's Disease

胞浆磷脂酶A2及其在帕金森病中的作用

Katarzyna Gojniczek

Magdalena Jurzak

Agnieszka Garncarczyk

The Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) in Fibroproliferative Processes and Tissues Fibrosis

结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）在纤维增生过程和组织纤维化中的作用

SINEs (Short INterspersed Elements or Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements) are a class of dispersed and mobile DNA sequences (less than 500 basepairs (bp) in length) that are propagated through a replicative mechanism called retrotransposition, in which a RNA intermediate is reverse-transcribed into a cDNA that can integrate into the genome. As nonautonomous elements with no coding capability SINEs must use the enzymatic machinery of an autonomous LINE (Long INterspersed Element) partner for retroposition [20]. This SINE-LINE partnership is based on common 3' terminal regions or polyadenylated tails. These interspersed elements are found in essentially all eukaryotic nuclear genomes [5, 17, 19, 22, 23]. Interestingly, SINEs are particularly abundant in mammals accounting for more than 15% of the human genome. All currently known SINEs are derived from tRNA (major classes), 7SL RNA or 5S rRNA (for several mammalian and zebrafish families) genes, and exploit their type 1 or 2 internal polymerase III promoters. Conservation in tRNA-related regions and the internal promoter (composed of A and B motifs) allows recognition by the RNA polymerase III machinery [8]. SINEs are probably mobilized by the retroposition activity of autonomous long interspersed elements (LINEs) and upon integration usually generate a duplication of the genomic target sites. The most extensively characterized SINE families are the human Alu family (the most abundant SINE in the human genome that is amplified to a copy

Marek Gadzalski

Tomasz Sakowicz

Sines – Interspersed Elements of Eukaryote Genomes

正弦曲线——真核生物基因组中的散布元件

Due to the prevalence, the diversity of disease course, and the range of systems attacked by viral particles, COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be a challenging experience for both medical staff and patients all over the world. It is essential to remember that the infection affects health state and wellbeing of patients including their comorbidities and chronic conditions. The example of such wide-spread coexisting conditions is diabetes mellitus. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes mellitus, especially considering the autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. The review describes possible pathomechanisms of glucose homeostasis disturbances in relation to the destruction of pancreas and other organs by viral particles. Moreover, the aim of the paper is to show a complex connection between therapeutic management of both COVID-19 and diabetes. We describe suggested consequences of glucocortycoids treatment and modifications in insulin therapy applied in diabetes mellitus type 1.

Kamil KOSAL

Nikola Pempera

Filip Baszkowski

Adrianna Adamek

Maciej Owecki

THE INFLUENCE OF SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS ON GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS AND DIABETES

SARS-CoV-2病毒对葡萄糖稳态和糖尿病的影响

he androgen receptor, upon binding to a ligand, functions as a transcription factor, ultimately helping to maintain the proper structure and function of the prostate. In prostate cancer, the constant activation of the androgen pathway in the cell leads to the proliferation of cancer cells and the development of prostate cancer. The individual stages of androgen signaling have become the target of anti-androgen therapy, which ultimately results in a decrease in testosterone levels in the cell. Over time, the duration of therapy leads to the emergence of new mechanisms of resistance in prostate cancer cells, such as an increase in the number of androgen receptors or endogenous synthesis of testosterone. This ultimately leads to the evolution of cancer cells into castration-resistantprostate cancer. This article aims to review and compare contemporary anti-hormonal drugs used in prostate cancer. New generation drugs such as enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide bind to the androgen receptor and inhibit its translocation to the cell nucleus. Abiraterone acetate inhibits endogenous testosterone synthesis, while relugolix is the first oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue that does not cause a “flare” effect. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and biology of the androgen receptor is crucial for future directions in the development of prostate cancer drug therapies and their appropriate use.

Anna BARNAŚ

Andrzej ANTCZAK

Wojciech A. CIEŚLIKOWSKI

THE ROLE OF THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN PROSTATE CANCER

雄激素受体在前列腺癌中的作用

Streszczenie: Od czasu odkrycia pierwszego miRNA zidentyfikowano tysiące cząsteczek tego typu, również w organizmie człowieka.Odgrywają rolę w kontroli ekspresji genów, w tym tych odpowiedzialnych za kontrolę podziałów komórkowych i cykl komórkowy.Deregulację poziomu różnych miRNA zaobserwowano w komórkach nowotworowych.W tej pracy scharakteryzowano miRNA wpływające na ekspresję elementów komórkowych szlaków sygnałowych MAPK/ERK oraz p53.Wybrane ścieżki przekazywania sygnałów odgrywają dużą rolę w procesie kancerogenezy.Zidentyfikowane miRNA

Adrianna NAWROT

Ewa MACIASZCZYK-DZIUBIŃSKA

THE ROLE OF miRNA IN CARCINOGENESIS

miRNA在致癌中的作用

SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Since the beginning of the pandemic, negative effects of SARS-CoV-2 have been noted not only on the respiratory system, but also on the cardiovascular, digestive or endocrine systems. One of the organs affected by SARSCoV- 2 is the adrenal glands. Through molecular mimicry, SARS-CoV-2 contributes to inducing autoimmune processes. The virus has been shown to disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition, it can contribute to adrenal infarction and hemorrhage. The above-mentioned mechanisms may either lead to adrenal insufficiency or contribute to the exacerbation of already existing disease. However, further studies and observations of a larger number of patients are needed to determine the exact role that SARS-CoV-2 plays in inducing autoimmune adrenal insufficiency.

Michał GRZEJDA

Marta DZIECIĄTKOWSKA

Karolina MIZERA

Zuzanna AURAST

ALeksandra FIGAS

Maciej OWECKI

ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND AUTOIMMUNE PROCESSES IN THE COURSE OF COVID-19

COVID-19病程中的肾上腺功能不全与自身免疫过程

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the pathogenic agent of the COVID-19 disease, which pandemic had caused 6.8 million deaths worldwide by February 2023. In the course of the disease, involvement of the thyroid gland is observed. The pathomechanism of damage to the thyroid gland is bidirectional – direct cytotoxicity of the virus and the indirect effect of a cytokine storm. Circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to deiodinase activity dysregulation, resulting in changes in plasma concentrations of TSH, fT3, and fT4. These hormone abnormalities are observed in about 16% of patients during COVID-19 and may also result from the treatment itself – systemic corticosteroids. Dysregulation of the immune system also leads to autoinflammatory thyroid diseases. It seems crucial to monitor thyroid hormones to detect subclinical forms of thyroiditis early. This paper presents the prevalence and potential pathomechanism of thyroid disorders observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection – subacute thyroiditis, low T3 syndrome, Graves-Basedow disease, and Hashimoto’s disease.

Agnieszka RABIZA

Anna SŁOWIŃSKA

Paweł GŁUSZAK

Katarzyna WINKEL

Julia KURZYCA

IMPACT OF SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION ON THYROID FUNCTION – PATOMECHANISM AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

SARS-CoV-2感染对甲状腺功能的影响——病理机制与临床意义

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	0.37
Quartiles(Global)	CELL BIOLOGY(Q4)

Publication Information	Publisher: Fundacja Biologii Komorki i Biologii Molekularnej，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2017，Proportion of original research papers: 80.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 20.51%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Advances in Cell Biology

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