EJNMMI PHYSICS 是一个国际平台，面向对物理问题特别感兴趣的核医学科学家、用户和采用者。作为欧洲核医学和分子成像杂志的配套期刊，该杂志采用多学科方法，欢迎原创材料和研究，重点是应用物理学和数学以及核医学中的成像系统工程和原型设计。这包括物理驱动的方法或物理支持的算法，促进早期临床采用核医学成像和治疗。

EJNMMI Physics is an international platform aimed at nuclear medicine scientists, users, and practitioners with a particular interest in physical issues. As a companion journal to the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, it adopts a multidisciplinary approach, welcoming original materials and research that focus on applied physics and mathematics, as well as imaging system engineering and prototype design in nuclear medicine. This includes physics-driven methods or physics-supported algorithms that facilitate the early clinical adoption of nuclear medicine imaging and therapy.

EJNMMI Physics 是一个国际平台，专注于核医学科学家、用户和采用者对物理问题的兴趣。作为欧洲核医学和分子成像杂志的配套期刊，本杂志采用多学科的方法，欢迎原创研究和材料，重点关注应用物理学、数学以及核医学中的成像系统工程和原型设计。这包括物理驱动的方法或物理支持的算法，以促进核医学成像和治疗在早期临床中的应用。

EJNMMI Physics

Abstract Background Good timing resolution in medical imaging applications such as TOF-CT or TOF-PET can boost image quality or patient comfort significantly by reducing the influence of background noise. However, the timing resolution of state-of-the-art detectors in CT and PET are limited by their light emission process. Core-valence cross-luminescence is an alternative, but well-known compounds (e.g. BaF 2 ) pose several problems for medical imaging applications, such as their emission wavelength in the deep UV. CsZnCl-based materials show promise to solve this issue, as they provide fast decay times of 1–2 ns and an emission wavelength around 300 nm. Results In this work, we investigated two CsZnCl-compounds: Cs 2 ZnCl 4 and Cs 3 ZnCl 5 . We validated the previously published decay times on a time-correlated single-photon counting setup with 1.786 ± 0.016 ns for Cs 2 ZnCl 4 and 1.034 ± 0.013 ns for Cs 3 ZnCl 5 . The setup’s high resolution enabled the discovery of an additional prompt emission component with a significant abundance of 98 ± 18 (Cs 2 ZnCl 4 ) and 86 ± 14 (Cs 3 ZnCl 5 ) photons/MeV energy deposit. In a PET coincidence experiment, we measured the best coincidence time resolution (CTR) of 62 ps (FWHM) for Cs 2 ZnCL 4 coupled to FBK VUV SiPMs with silicon oil. To assess the CTR for lower energies, we filtered the energy along the Compton continuum and found a deteriorated CTR that seems to be mainly influenced by photon statistics. Furthermore, this study gave us a rough estimate of e.g. 150 ps (FWHM) CTR at 100 keV energy for Cs 2 ZnCL 4 . From measurements with high activity of 14 MBq to check for pile-up effects we assume that Cs 2 ZnCl 4 is better suited for high-rate time-of-flight applications than lutetium-based oxides. Simulations demonstrated that the stopping power of Cs 2 ZnCl 4 is lower than for LSO:Ce,Ca, meaning that a high amount of material would be needed for TOF-PET applications. However, the stopping power seems acceptable for applications in TOF-CT. Conclusions The fast decay time, state-of-the-art CTR in benchtop experiments and high-rate suitability make CsZnCl materials a promising candidate for time-of-flight experiments. We consider especially TOF-CT a suitable application due to its relatively low X-ray energies (~ 100 keV) and the thusly acceptable stopping power of Cs 2 ZnCl 4 . Currently, further exploration of the prompt emission and its creation mechanism is planned, as well as investigating the light transport of Cs 2 ZnCl 4 in longer crystals.

Katrin Herweg

Daniel Rutstrom

Vanessa Nadig

Luis Stand

Charles L. Melcher

Mariya Zhuravleva

Volkmar Schulz

Stefan Gundacker

Timing limits of ultrafast cross-luminescence emission in CsZnCl-based crystals for TOF-CT and TOF-PET

基于CsZnCl晶体的超快交叉发光发射的时间限制用于TOF-CT和TOF-PET

Radiomics is an emerging field of medical imaging that aims at improving the accuracy of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning and monitoring non-invasively through the automated or semi-automated quantitative analysis of high-dimensional image features. Specifically in the field of nuclear medicine, radiomics utilizes imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate biomarkers related to metabolism, blood flow, cellular activity and some biological pathways. Lung cancer ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally, and radiomics analysis has shown great potential in guiding individualized therapy, assessing treatment response, and predicting clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art radiomics progress in lung cancer, highlighting the potential benefits and existing limitations of this approach. The radiomics workflow was introduced first including image acquisition, segmentation, feature extraction, and model building. Then the published literatures were described about radiomics-based prediction models for lung cancer diagnosis, differentiation, prognosis and efficacy evaluation. Finally, we discuss current challenges and provide insights into future directions and potential opportunities for integrating radiomics into routine clinical practice.

Yongbai Zhang

Wenpeng Huang

Hao Jiao

Lei Kang

PET radiomics in lung cancer: advances and translational challenges

PET放射组学在肺癌中的进展与转化挑战

The search for novel image contrasts has been a major driving force in the magnetic resonance (MR) research community, in order to gain further information on the body’s physiological and pathological conditions. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel MR technique that enables imaging certain compounds at concentrations that are too low to impact the contrast of standard MR imaging and too low to directly be detected in MRS at typical water imaging resolution. For this to be possible, the target compound must be capable of exchanging protons with the surrounding water molecules. This property can be exploited to cause a continuous buildup of magnetic saturation of water, leading to greatly enhanced sensitivity. The goal of the present review is to introduce the basic principles of CEST imaging to the general molecular imaging community. Special focus has been given to the comparison of state-of-the-art CEST methods reported in the literature with their positron emission tomography (PET) counterparts.

B. Wu

G. Warnock

M. Zaiss

C. Lin

M. Chen

Z. Zhou

L. Mu

D. Nanz

R. Tuura

G. Delso

EJNMMI Phys

An overview of CEST MRI for non-MR physicists

非磁共振物理学家对CEST MRI的综述

As the spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners improves, understanding of radiotracer distributions in tissues at high resolutions is important. Hence, we propose a method for co-registration of high-resolution ex vivo specimen PET images, combined with computed tomography (CT) images, and the corresponding specimen histopathology. We applied our co-registration method to breast cancer (BCa) specimens of patients who were preoperatively injected with 0.8 MBq/kg [ $$^{18}$$ F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG). The method has two components. First, we used an image acquisition scheme that minimises and tracks tissue deformation: (1) We acquired sub-millimetre (micro)-PET-CT images of ±2 mm-thick lamellas of the fresh specimens, enclosed in tissue cassettes. (2) We acquired micro-CT images of the same lamellas after formalin fixation to visualise tissue deformation. (3) We obtained 1 hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histopathology section per lamella of which we captured a digital whole slide image (WSI). Second, we developed an automatic co-registration algorithm to improve the alignment between the micro-PET-CT images and WSIs, guided by the micro-CT of the fixated lamellas. To estimate the spatial co-registration error, we calculated the distance between corresponding microcalcifications in the micro-CTs and WSIs. The co-registered images allowed to study standardised uptake values (SUVs) of different breast tissues, as identified on the WSIs by a pathologist. We imaged 22 BCa specimens, 13 cases of invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), 6 of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and 3 of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). While the cassette framework minimised tissue deformation, the best alignment between the micro-PET-CT images and WSIs was achieved after deformable co-registration. We found an overall average co-registration error of 0.74 ± 0.17 mm between the micro-PET images and WSIs. (Pre)malignant tissue (including NST, ILC, and DCIS) generally showed higher SUVs than healthy tissue (including healthy glandular, connective, and adipose tissue). As expected, inflamed tissue and skin also showed high uptake. We developed a method to co-register micro-PET-CT images of surgical specimens and WSIs with an accuracy comparable to the spatial resolution of the micro-PET images. While currently, we only applied this method to BCa specimens, we believe this method is applicable to a wide range of specimens and radiotracers, providing insight into distributions of (new) radiotracers in human malignancies at a sub-millimetre resolution.

Luna Maris

Menekse Göker

Jens M. Debacker

Kathia De Man

Bliede Van den Broeck

Jo Van Dorpe

Koen Van de Vijver

Vincent Keereman

Christian Vanhove

Method for co-registration of high-resolution specimen PET-CT with histopathology to improve insight into radiotracer distributions

高分辨率样本PET-CT与病理学联合配准方法以深入了解放射性示踪剂分布

Prior studies have established that macroaggregated albumin (MAA)-SPECT/CT offers more robust lung shunt fraction (LSF) and lung mean absorbed dose (LMD) estimates in

M Allan Thomas

Richard Laforest

John Karageorgiou

Dan Giardina

Tyler J Fraum

Chris D Malone

Justin K Mikell

Addressing lung truncation in 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT for 90Y microsphere radioembolization treatment planning

解决用于90Y微球放射栓塞治疗计划的99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT中的肺截断问题

PET imaging is a pivotal tool for biomarker research aimed at personalized medicine. Leveraging the quantitative nature of PET requires knowledge of plasma radiotracer concentration. Typically, the arterial input function (AIF) is obtained through arterial cannulation, an invasive and technically demanding procedure. A less invasive alternative, especially for [18F]FDG, is the image-derived input function (IDIF), which, however, often requires correction for partial volume effect (PVE), usually performed via venous blood samples. The aim of this paper is to present EMATA: Extraction and Modeling of Arterial inputs for Tracer kinetic Analysis, an open-source MATLAB toolbox. EMATA automates IDIF extraction from [18F]FDG brain PET images and additionally includes a PVE correction procedure that does not require any blood sampling. To assess the toolbox generalizability and present example outputs, EMATA was applied to brain [18F]FDG dynamic data of 80 subjects, extracted from two distinct datasets (40 healthy controls, 40 glioma patients). Additionally, to compare with the reference standard, quantification using both IDIF and AIF was carried out on a third open-access dataset of 18 healthy individuals. EMATA consistently performs IDIF extraction across all datasets, despite differences in scanners and acquisition protocols. Remarkably high agreement is observed when comparing Patlak's Ki between IDIF and AIF (R2: 0.98 ± 0.02). EMATA proved adaptability to different datasets characteristics and the ability to provide arterial input functions that can be used for reliable PET quantitative analysis.

Mattia De Francisci

Erica Silvestri

Andrea Bettinelli

Tommaso Volpi

Manu S. Goyal

Andrei G. Vlassenko

Diego Cecchin

Alessandra Bertoldo

EMATA: a toolbox for the automatic extraction and modeling of arterial inputs for tracer kinetic analysis in [18F]FDG brain studies

EMATA：用于[18F]FDG脑研究中示踪动力学分析的动脉输入自动提取与建模工具箱

This study aimed to implement high-end positron emission tomography (PET) equipment to assist conventional PET equipment in improving image quality via a distribution learning-based diffusion model.

Qiyang Zhang

Chao Zhou

Xu Zhang

Wei Fan

Hairong Zheng

Dong Liang

Zhanli Hu

Realization of high-end PET devices that assist conventional PET devices in improving image quality via diffusion modeling

通过扩散模型实现高端PET设备，辅助传统PET设备提升图像质量

Clinical trials have yielded promising results for 177Lutetium Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (177Lu-PSMA) therapy in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, the development of precise methods for internal dosimetry and accurate dose estimation has been considered ongoing research. This study aimed to calculate the absorbed dose to the critical organs and metastasis regions using GATE 9.0 Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) as a gold standard to compare the OLINDA 1.1 and IDAC 2.1 software. This study investigated absorbed doses to different organs in 9 mCRPC patients during their first treatment cycle. Whole-body planar images were acquired at 1 ± 0.5, 4 ± 0.5, 24 ± 2, 48 ± 2, 72 ± 2, and 144 ± 2 h post-injection, with SPECT/CT images obtained at 24 ± 2 h. Absorbed doses were calculated for five organs and the entire metastasis regions using GATE, OLINDA, and IDAC platforms. The spherical method was used to determine and compare the absorbed doses in metastatic regions and undefined organs in OLINDA and IDAC Phantom. The organ-absorbed dose calculations produced by GATE were consistent with those obtained from OLINDA and IDAC. The average percentage differences in absorbed dose for all organs between Monte Carlo calculations and the estimated from IDAC and OLINDA were -0.24 ± 2.14% and 5.16 ± 5.66%, respectively. There was a significant difference between GATE and both IDAC (17.55 ± 29.1%) and OLINDA (25.86 ± 18.04%) in determining absorbed doses to metastatic areas using the spherical model. The absorbed dose of organs in the first treatment cycle remained below tolerable limits. However, cumulative absorbed doses should be considered for the administered activities in the next cycles of treatment. While Monte Carlo, IDAC, and OLINDA results were aligned for organ dose calculations, patient-specific dosimetry may be necessary due to anatomical and functional changes. Accurate dose estimation for undefined organs and metastatic regions using the spherical model is significantly influenced by tissue density, highlighting the value of CT imaging.

Sirwan Maroufpour

Kamran Aryana

Shahrokh Nasseri

Zahra Fazeli

Hossein Arabi

Mehdi Momennezhad

Validation of dosimetry programs (Olinda &amp; IDAC) for evaluation of absorbed dose in 177LuPSMA therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using Monte Carlo simulation

使用蒙特卡罗模拟验证剂量测量程序（Olinda & IDAC）在转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌（mCRPC）的177LuPSMA治疗中评估吸收剂量的有效性

Abstract Background Continuously monitored external dose-rate signals from remote dose-rate meters (DRMs) were analyzed to determine the effective half-life (T eff ) of 131 I in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. The aim is to gain novel understanding of the excretion of radioactive iodine (RAI) in DTC patients and to demonstrate that a remote DRM system can be reliably used for real-time monitoring of external dose-rates of DTC patients. Methods 110 DTC patients who received postoperative RAI therapy between September 2018 and February 2023 in Turku University Hospital were studied retrospectively. The external dose-rates of the patients were continuously monitored during their hospitalization with a remote DRM fixed in the ceiling of the isolation room. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to analyse the association between logarithmical T eff and patient characteristics. Results The median T eff for all patients was 12.60 h (Q1: 10.35; Q3: 14.75 h). Longer T eff s were associated with higher BMI ( p = 0.004), lower GFR ( p &lt; 0.001), and diabetes ( p = 0.007). Our study also revealed that neither age nor subsequent RAI therapies have a significant impact on the whole body T eff ( p = 0.522 and p = 0.414, respectively). Conclusion Patients with higher BMI, decreased GFR, or diabetes have a longer whole-body T eff of 131 I. Ceiling-mounted remote DMRs can reliably be used to determine patient’s T eff . Since T eff values vary among patients, ceiling-mounted meters can be used to optimize the length of radiation isolation period at the hospital while improving patient comfort and staff efficiency.

Laura Kääriä

Maria Lapela

Marko Seppänen

Mikael Högerman

Johanna Ruohola

Annika Ålgars

Tommi Noponen

Determination of effective half-life of 131I in thyroid cancer patients using remote dose-rate meter

使用远程剂量率计测定甲状腺癌患者中131I的有效半衰期

Abbreviation	EJNMMI Phys
Journal Impact	3.17
Quartiles(Global)	RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING(Q2)

ISSN	2197-7364
h-index	36

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer International Publishing AG，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2014，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:10.00%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Journal Fees	$2290Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：13 Weeks

EJNMMI Physics

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Timing limits of ultrafast cross-luminescence emission in CsZnCl-based crystals for TOF-CT and TOF-PET

PET radiomics in lung cancer: advances and translational challenges

An overview of CEST MRI for non-MR physicists

Method for co-registration of high-resolution specimen PET-CT with histopathology to improve insight into radiotracer distributions

Addressing lung truncation in 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT for 90Y microsphere radioembolization treatment planning

EMATA: a toolbox for the automatic extraction and modeling of arterial inputs for tracer kinetic analysis in [18F]FDG brain studies

Addressing lung truncation in 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT for 90Y microsphere radioembolization treatment planning

Realization of high-end PET devices that assist conventional PET devices in improving image quality via diffusion modeling

Validation of dosimetry programs (Olinda & IDAC) for evaluation of absorbed dose in 177LuPSMA therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using Monte Carlo simulation

Determination of effective half-life of 131I in thyroid cancer patients using remote dose-rate meter