BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 是一本收录生物化学所有领域以及分子生物学、生物有机化学、微生物学、免疫学、生理学和生物医学科学的生化方面的研究论文的期刊。报道还延伸到生物化学的新实验方法、生化重要性的理论贡献、当代生化主题的评论和小型评论（生物化学新闻）。

Biochemistry (Moscow) is a journal that covers all areas of biochemistry, including research papers in molecular biology, bioorganic chemistry, microbiology, immunology, physiology, and biomedical sciences. The journal also reports on new experimental methods in biochemistry, theoretical contributions of significant importance, and reviews and brief commentaries on contemporary biochemical topics (Biochemistry News).

《Biochemistry (Moscow)》是一本涵盖生物化学各个领域的期刊，涉及分子生物学、生物有机化学、微生物学、免疫学、生理学和生物医学科学的研究论文。期刊内容还包括生物化学的新实验方法、理论贡献以及当代生化主题的评论和简短综述（生物化学新闻）。

Biochemistry (Moscow)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fill the space between cells in multicellular organisms, contributing to the structure of organs and tissues. The mechanical properties of ECM are well studied. At present, the role of individual ECM components and the three-dimensional tissue-specific matrices in the regulation of cell functional activity, proliferation, migration, acquisition of a specialized phenotype and its maintenance is intensively studied. In this review, we described main ECM structural proteins, enzymes, and extracellular vesicles and present the data on the participation of ECM components in the regulation of stem cell differentiation and self-maintenance, as well as approaches to the modeling of stem cells microenvironment using decellularized ECM.

E S Novoseletskaya

O A Grigorieva

A Yu Efimenko

N I Kalinina

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia

Biochemistry (Mosc)

Extracellular Matrix in the Regulation of Stem Cell Differentiation.

细胞外基质在干细胞分化调控中的作用。

Abstract Relationships of growth, metabolism, reproduction, and body size to the biological process of aging and longevity have been studied for decades and various unifying “theories of aging” have been proposed to account for the observed associations. In general, fast development, early sexual maturation leading to early reproductive effort, as well as production of many offspring, have been linked to shorter lifespans. The relationship of adult body size to longevity includes a remarkable contrast between the positive correlation in comparisons between different species and the negative correlation seen in comparisons of individuals within the same species. We now propose that longevity and presumably also the rate of aging are related to the “pace-of-life.” A slow pace-of-life including slow growth, late sexual maturation, and a small number of offspring, predicts slow aging and long life. The fast pace of life (rapid growth, early sexual maturation, and major reproductive effort) is associated with faster aging and shorter life, presumably due to underlying trade-offs. The proposed relationships between the pace-of-life and longevity apply to both inter- and intra-species comparisons as well as to dietary, genetic, and pharmacological interventions that extend life and to evidence for early life programming of the trajectory of aging. Although available evidence suggests the causality of at least some of these associations, much further work will be needed to verify this interpretation and to identify mechanisms that are responsible.

Rong Yuan

Erin Hascup

Kevin Hascup

Andrzej Bartke

Relationships among Development, Growth, Body Size, Reproduction, Aging, and Longevity – Trade-Offs and Pace-Of-Life

发展、生长、体型、繁殖、衰老与寿命之间的关系——权衡与生命节奏

Skeletal muscles comprise more than a third of human body mass and critically contribute to regulation of body metabolism. Chronic inactivity reduces metabolic activity and functional capacity of muscles, leading to metabolic and other disorders, reduced life quality and duration. Cellular models based on progenitor cells isolated from human muscle biopsies and then differentiated into mature fibers in vitro can be used to solve a wide range of experimental tasks. The review discusses the aspects of myogenesis dynamics and regulation, which might be important in the development of an adequate cell model. The main function of skeletal muscle is contraction; therefore, electrical stimulation is important for both successful completion of myogenesis and in vitro modeling of major processes induced in the skeletal muscle by acute or regular physical exercise. The review analyzes the drawbacks of such cellular model and possibilities for its optimization, as well as the prospects for its further application to address fundamental aspects of muscle physiology and biochemistry and explore cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic diseases.

Tatiana F Vepkhvadze

Alexander V Vorotnikov

Daniil V Popov

Electrical Stimulation of Cultured Myotubes in vitro as a Model of Skeletal Muscle Activity: Current State and Future Prospects.

体外培养肌管的电刺激作为骨骼肌活动模型：现状与未来展望

Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for maintenance of the length of telomeres by addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences. Telomerase activity is exhibited in gametes and stem and tumor cells. In human somatic cells proliferation potential is strictly limited and senescence follows approximately 50-70 cell divisions. In most tumor cells, on the contrary, replication potential is unlimited. The key role in this process of the system of the telomere length maintenance with involvement of telomerase is still poorly studied. No doubt, DNA polymerase is not capable to completely copy DNA at the very ends of chromosomes; therefore, approximately 50 nucleotides are lost during each cell cycle, which results in gradual telomere length shortening. Critically short telomeres cause senescence, following crisis, and cell death. However, in tumor cells the system of telomere length maintenance is activated. Besides catalytic telomere elongation, independent telomerase functions can be also involved in cell cycle regulation. Inhibition of the telomerase catalytic function and resulting cessation of telomere length maintenance will help in restriction of tumor cell replication potential. On the other hand, formation of temporarily active enzyme via its intracellular activation or due to stimulation of expression of telomerase components will result in telomerase activation and telomere elongation that can be used for correction of degenerative changes. Data on telomerase structure and function are summarized in this review, and they are compared for evolutionarily remote organisms. Problems of telomerase activity measurement and modulation by enzyme inhibitors or activators are considered as well.

M I Zvereva

D M Shcherbakova

O A Dontsova

Telomerase: structure, functions, and activity regulation.

端粒酶：结构、功能及活性调控。

NETosis is a program for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of modified chromatin decorated with bactericidal proteins from granules and cytoplasm. Various pathogens, antibodies and immune complexes, cytokines, microcrystals, and other physiological stimuli can cause NETosis. Induction of NETosis depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the main source of which is NADPH oxidase. Activation of NADPH oxidase depends on increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and in some cases on the generation of ROS in mitochondria. NETosis includes release of the granule components into the cytosol, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope, as well as formation of pores in the plasma membrane. In this review, basic mechanisms of NETosis, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of some diseases including COVID-19 are discussed.

N. V. Vorobjeva

B. V. Chernyak

Biochemistry Moscow

NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology

NETosis：分子机制、生理与病理中的作用

MMP-2 and MMP-9 play an important role in pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, participating in the processes of inflammation and fibrosis. Their role in progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is poorly understood. Analysis of MMP-2, -9 levels in the blood plasma of patients with different forms of NAFLD [liver steatosis (LS) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) of weak (-WA), moderate (MA), high (-HA) activity without pronounced fibrosis] was performed. Correlations between the levels of MMP-2, -9 and mRNA of the genes MMP2, MMP9, ADAM17, NLRP3, caspase 3 activity in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), TNFα, IL-6, sIL-6R, cytokeratin-18 fragments in plasma were assessed. In steatosis, the levels of MMP2 gene mRNA in PBL and MMP-2 in plasma are lower than in the control, and expression of the NLRP3 gene in PBL is increased relative to other groups. In the NASH-WA, the level of MMP-9 is higher than in the control, in LS, and in NASH-MA, which could be associated with activation of inflammation during transformation of LS into NASH. The plasma level of MMP-9 over 389.50 pg/ml has been shown to be diagnostically significant for identification of NASH-WA among the patients with steatosis (AUC ROC = 0.818, 95% CI = 0.689-0.948, p &lt; 0.001). In NAFLD, the level of MMP-9 could be associated not only with inflammation, but also with apoptosis. ADAM17 probably plays a certain role in this regard. In the advanced NASH, hepatocyte apoptosis is increased, the level of caspase 3 activity in PBL is increased, the level of MMP-9 in the blood is reduced to the level of the control and LS. In the NASH-HA, the level of mRNA of the ADAM17 gene in PBL is increased compared to the control, NASH-WA, and NASH-MA. Thus, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are involved in pathogenesis of NAFLD already at the early stages and their level in blood could be associated with the presence and severity of inflammation in the liver parenchyma.

Irina V Kurbatova

Lyudmila V Topchieva

Olga P Dudanova

Anastasia A Shipovskaya

Role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the Relationship between Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis during Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diagnostic Significance of Plasma Levels of Their Active Forms

MMP-2 和 MMP-9 在非酒精性脂肪肝病进展中炎症、纤维化和凋亡关系中的作用及其活性形式血浆水平的诊断意义

Fluorescently labeled and conjugated (strept)avidins are widely used for imaging biotinylated molecules in immunological assays and histochemistry. We showed that besides biotin, these proteins bind glycans, including fragments of mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids, in particular, ABO blood group antigens, oligolactosamines, and 6-O-sulfated oligosaccharides. This interaction is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by micromolar concentrations of polymeric, but not monomeric, glycan conjugates (i.e., requires polyvalence). Taking into account the cluster organization of cell glycans (glycoproteins and glycolipids), the ability of (strept)avidins to bind glycans might be a source of errors in the analysis of carbohydrate-containing samples, which can be prevented by avoiding a large excess of (strept)avidin in analytical systems.

Nadezhda V Shilova

Svetlana M Polyakova

Alexey Yu Nokel

Alexander D Lipatnikov

Elena A Gordeeva

Marina V Lavrenteva

Nicolai V Bovin

(Strept)avidin Binds Glycoconjugates

(链霉)亲和素结合糖缀合物

Genes of the small nucleolar RNA host gene (SNHG) family may participate in oncogenesis through the regulatory functions of encoded long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and by influencing formation of small nucleolar RNAs and ribosome biogenesis. The aim of this work was to evaluate changes in the methylation levels and extent of co-methylation of the SNHG family lncRNA genes (SNHG1, GAS5/SNHG2, SNHG6, SNHG12, SNHG17) in clinical samples of ovarian cancer (OC) as an indication for the similarity of their roles in oncogenesis. Analysis of a representative set of 122 OC samples by quantitative methylation-specific PCR showed a statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01-0.0001) increase in the methylation level of all five studied lncRNA genes. There was also a correlation between the increased methylation levels of GAS5, SNHG6, and SNHG12 and OC progression (clinical stage, tumor size, and metastasis), indicating possible functional significance of hypermethylation of these genes. For four genes (SNHG1, GAS5, SNHG6, and SNHG12), a statistically significant pairwise positive correlation of methylation levels (co-methylation) was observed (rs &gt; 0.35; p ≤ 0.001), which was in agreement with the GEPIA 2.0 data (426 OC samples) showing co-expression of these genes (rs &gt; 0.5; p &lt; 0.001). The correlation between the expression levels of GAS5 and SNHG6 was confirmed by RT-qPCR (rs = 0.46; p = 0.007). Bioinformatics analysis predicted miRNAs common for the SNHG1, GAS5, SNHG6, and SNHG12 lncRNA and potentially capable of interacting with one or more of these lncRNAs via competing endogenous RNA mechanism, as well as mRNAs, whose expression might be affected by the studied lncRNAs. We also investigated a possible involvement of genes for these mRNAs in oncogenesis-related processes, such as RNA processing and splicing and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As a result of this work, four SNHG family lncRNAs with coregulation and joint putative biological functions in the pathogenesis of OC were identified.

Eleonora A Braga

Elena A Filippova

Leonid A Uroshlev

Svetlana S Lukina

Irina V Pronina

Tatyana P Kazubskaya

Dmitry N Kushlinskiy

Vitaliy I Loginov

Marina V Fridman

Alexey M Burdennyy

Nikolay E Kushlinskii

LncRNA Genes of the SNHG Family: Co-methylation and Common Functions in Ovarian Cancer

SNHG家族长链非编码RNA基因：卵巢癌中的共甲基化与共同功能

Neuroinflammation can be an important factor of many disorders in central nervous system (CNS) including cognitive dysfunction, affective disorders, and addictive behavior associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and presented in early adulthood. In this study we used an experimental rodent model of prenatal alcohol (PA) exposure (consumption of a 10% ethanol solution by female Wistar rats throughout pregnancy), multiplex immunofluorescence analysis of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and chemokine CCL5, as well as quantitative real-time PCR to assess the level of cytokine mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex of the sexually mature (PND60) offspring - male and female rats with prenatal alcohol intoxication and control animals. Significant decrease in the content of TNF-α and interleukins IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-9 was detected in the prefrontal cortex of male, but not in the female PA offspring. Importantly, PA males also showed decrease in the level of TNF-α mRNA in the prefrontal cortex by 45% compared to the control males, which may underlie the detected decrease in its content. Taken together, our study demonstrates that a number of neuroimmune factors are regulated in a sex-specific manner in the prefrontal cortex and are differentially affected in males and females by the prenatal exposure to alcohol. Sex factor must be taken into account when conducting further translational studies of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and developing new methods for prevention and therapy.

Inna Yu Shamakina

Petr K Anokhin

Ruslan A Ageldinov

Viktor S Kokhan

Neuroimmune Characteristics of Animals with Prenatal Alcohol Intoxication

围产期酒精中毒动物的神经免疫特征

Abstract Dependence on psychoactive substances is a phenomenon that is based on the alterations of common molecular and cellular mechanisms, structures and neuronal networks underlying normal brain functioning and realizing stress response, reinforcement and aversion, learning and memory. As a result, aberrant neuroplasticity states associated with somatic changes are formed, which determine the pathogenesis and symptoms of dependence and at the same time can be considered as targets for the development of therapies for such addictions. An integrative scheme of stress and neuroplastic changes participation in the formation of the vicious circle of substance use disorders based on a holistic approach is presented. This special issue of the journal focuses on the molecular mechanisms of psychoactive substance use disorders.

Natalia V Gulyaeva

Danil I Peregud

An Intricated pas de deux of Addicted Brain and Body Is Orchestrated by Stress and Neuroplasticity

压力与神经可塑性共同编排了成瘾大脑与身体的复杂双人舞

Abbreviation	Biochemistry Moscow
Journal Impact	2.12
Quartiles(Global)	BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY(Q3)

ISSN	0006-2979, 1608-3040
h-index	94

Publication Information	Publisher: Pleiades Publishing，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1996，Proportion of original research papers: 50.99%，Self Citation Rate:8.70%， Gold OA Rate: 14.55%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均2月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约52.5%

Biochemistry (Moscow)

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