自 1972 年出版的《生物物理学年度回顾》涵盖了生物物理学领域的重大发展，包括大分子结构、功能和动力学、理论和计算生物物理学、细胞的分子生物物理学、物理系统生物学、膜生物物理学、生物技术、纳米技术、和新兴技术。

Published since 1972, the Annual Review of Biophysics covers significant developments in the field of biophysics, including macromolecular structure, function and dynamics, theoretical and computational biophysics, molecular biophysics of cells, physical systems biology, membrane biophysics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and emerging technologies.

《Annual Review of Biophysics》自1972年出版，涵盖了生物物理学领域的重大进展，包括大分子结构、功能和动力学、理论与计算生物物理学、细胞分子生物物理学、物理系统生物学、膜生物物理学、生物技术、纳米技术以及新兴技术。

Annual Review of Biophysics

Giant unilamellar vesicles represent a promising and extremely useful model biomembrane system for systematic measurements of mechanical, thermodynamic, electrical, and rheological properties of lipid bilayers as a function of membrane composition, surrounding media, and temperature. The most important advantage of giant vesicles over other model membrane systems is that the membrane responses to external factors such as ions, (macro)molecules, hydrodynamic flows, or electromagnetic fields can be directly observed under the microscope. Here, we briefly review approaches for giant vesicle preparation and describe several assays used for deducing the membrane phase state and measuring a number of material properties, with further emphasis on membrane reshaping and curvature.

Rumiana Dimova

Annu. Rev. Biophys.

Giant Vesicles and Their Use in Assays for Assessing Membrane Phase State, Curvature, Mechanics, and Electrical Properties

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific double-stranded breaks in target DNA. Target recognition strictly requires the presence of a short protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) flanking the target site, and subsequent R-loop formation and strand scission are driven by complementary base pairing between the guide RNA and target DNA, Cas9–DNA interactions, and associated conformational changes. The use of CRISPR–Cas9 as an RNA-programmable DNA targeting and editing platform is simplified by a synthetic single-guide RNA (sgRNA) mimicking the natural dual trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA)–CRISPR RNA (crRNA) structure. This review aims to provide an in-depth mechanistic and structural understanding of Cas9-mediated RNA-guided DNA targeting and cleavage. Molecular insights from biochemical and structural studies provide a framework for rational engineering aimed at altering catalytic function, guide RNA specificity, and PAM requirements and reducing off-target activity for the development of Cas9-based therapies against genetic diseases.

Fuguo Jiang

Jennifer A. Doudna

CRISPR–Cas9 Structures and Mechanisms

Physical factors in the local cellular microenvironment, including cell shape and geometry, matrix mechanics, external mechanical forces, and nanotopographical features of the extracellular matrix, can all have strong influences on regulating stem cell fate. Stem cells sense and respond to these insoluble biophysical signals through integrin-mediated adhesions and the force balance between intracellular cytoskeletal contractility and the resistant forces originated from the extracellular matrix. Importantly, these mechanotransduction processes can couple with many other potent growth-factor-mediated signaling pathways to regulate stem cell fate. Different bioengineering tools and microscale/nanoscale devices have been successfully developed to engineer the physical aspects of the cellular microenvironment for stem cells, and these tools and devices have proven extremely powerful for identifying the extrinsic physical factors and their downstream intracellular signaling pathways that control stem cell functions.

Yubing Sun

Christopher S. Chen

Jianping Fu

Forcing Stem Cells to Behave: A Biophysical Perspective of the Cellular Microenvironment

迫使干细胞表现：细胞微环境的生物物理学视角

Self-cleaving hammerhead, hairpin, hepatitis delta virus, and glmS ribozymes comprise a family of small catalytic RNA motifs that catalyze the same reversible phosphodiester cleavage reaction, but each motif adopts a unique structure and displays a unique array of biochemical properties. Recent structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies of these self-cleaving RNAs have begun to reveal how active site nucleotides exploit general acid-base catalysis, electrostatic stabilization, substrate destabilization, and positioning and orientation to reduce the free energy barrier to catalysis. Insights into the variety of catalytic strategies available to these model RNA enzymes are likely to have important implications for understanding more complex RNA-catalyzed reactions fundamental to RNA processing and protein synthesis.

Martha J. Fedor

Comparative Enzymology and Structural Biology of RNA Self-Cleavage

RNA自切割的比较酶学与结构生物学

Actin is the most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells. It is highly conserved and participates in more protein-protein interactions than any known protein. These properties, along with its ability to transition between monomeric (G-actin) and filamentous (F-actin) states under the control of nucleotide hydrolysis, ions, and a large number of actin-binding proteins, make actin a critical player in many cellular functions, ranging from cell motility and the maintenance of cell shape and polarity to the regulation of transcription. Moreover, the interaction of filamentous actin with myosin forms the basis of muscle contraction. Owing to its central role in the cell, the actin cytoskeleton is also disrupted or taken over by numerous pathogens. Here we review structures of G-actin and F-actin and discuss some of the interactions that control the polymerization and disassembly of actin.

Roberto Dominguez

Kenneth C. Holmes

Actin Structure and Function

肌动蛋白的结构与功能

Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) combined with site-directed spin labeling can provide distance distributions between selected protein residues to investigate protein structure and conformational heterogeneity. The utilization of the full quantitative information contained in DEER data requires effective protein and spin label modeling methods. Here, we review the application of DEER data to protein modeling. First, we discuss the significance of spin label modeling for accurate extraction of protein structural information and review the most popular label modeling methods. Next, we review several important aspects of protein modeling with DEER, including site selection, how DEER restraints are applied, common artifacts, and the unique potential of DEER data for modeling structural ensembles and conformational landscapes. Finally, we discuss common applications of protein modeling with DEER data and provide an outlook.

Maxx H. Tessmer

Stefan Stoll

Protein Modeling with DEER Spectroscopy

DEER光谱技术在蛋白质建模中的应用

A complete understanding of protein function and dynamics requires the characterization of the multiple thermodynamic states, including the denatured state ensemble (DSE). Whereas residual structure in the DSE (as well as in partially folded states) is pertinent in many biological contexts, here we are interested in how such structure affects protein thermodynamics. We examine issues related to chain collapse in light of new developments, focusing on potential complications arising from differences in the DSE's properties under various conditions. Despite some variability in the degree of collapse and structure in the DSE, stability measurements are remarkably consistent between two standard methods, calorimetry and chemical denaturation, as well as with hydrogen–deuterium exchange. This robustness is due in part to the DSEs obtained with different perturbations being thermodynamically equivalent and hence able to serve as a common reference state. An examination of the properties of the DSE points to it as being a highly expanded ensemble with minimal amounts of stable hydrogen bonded structure. These two features are likely to be critical in the broad and successful application of thermodynamics to protein folding. Our review concludes with a discussion of the impact of these findings on folding mechanisms and pathways.

Tobin R. Sosnick

Michael C. Baxa

Collapse and Protein Folding: Should We Be Surprised that Biothermodynamics Works So Well?

崩溃与蛋白质折叠：生物热力学如此有效，我们是否应该感到惊讶？

The relationship between genotype and phenotype, or the fitness landscape, is the foundation of genetic engineering and evolution. However, mapping fitness landscapes poses a major technical challenge due to the amount of quantifiable data that is required. Catalytic RNA is a special topic in the study of fitness landscapes due to its relatively small sequence space combined with its importance in synthetic biology. The combination of in vitro selection and high-throughput sequencing has recently provided empirical maps of both complete and local RNA fitness landscapes, but the astronomical size of sequence space limits purely experimental investigations. Next steps are likely to involve data-driven interpolation and extrapolation over sequence space using various machine learning techniques. We discuss recent progress in understanding RNA fitness landscapes, particularly with respect to protocells and machine representations of RNA. The confluence of technical advances may significantly impact synthetic biology in the near future.

Ranajay Saha

Alberto Vázquez-Salazar

Aditya Nandy

Irene A. Chen

Fitness Landscapes and Evolution of Catalytic RNA

催化RNA的适应性景观与进化

The structure and mechanism of the water-oxidation chemistry that occurs in photosystem II have been subjects of great interest. The advent of X-ray free electron lasers allowed the determination of structures of the stable intermediate states and of steps in the transitions between these intermediate states, bringing a new perspective to this field. The room-temperature structures collected as the photosynthetic water oxidation reaction proceeds in real time have provided important novel insights into the structural changes and the mechanism of the water oxidation reaction. The time-resolved measurements have also given us a view of how this reaction-which involves multielectron, multiproton processes-is facilitated by the interaction of the ligands and the protein residues in the oxygen-evolving complex. These structures have also provided a picture of the dynamics occurring in the channels within photosystem II that are involved in the transport of the substrate water to the catalytic center and protons to the bulk.

Junko Yano

Jan Kern

Vittal K. Yachandra

Structure Function Studies of Photosystem II Using X-Ray Free Electron Lasers

利用X射线自由电子激光研究光系统II的结构功能

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) play central roles in cellular physiology and represent the majority of known drug targets. Single-molecule fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methods have recently emerged as valuable tools for investigating structure-function relationships in IMPs. This review focuses on the practical foundations required for examining polytopic IMP function using single-molecule FRET (smFRET) and provides an overview of the technical and conceptual frameworks emerging from this area of investigation. In this context, we highlight the utility of smFRET methods to reveal transient conformational states critical to IMP function and the use of smFRET data to guide structural and drug mechanism-of-action investigations. We also identify frontiers where progress is likely to be paramount to advancing the field.

Abbreviation	Annu. Rev. Biophys.
Journal Impact	10.34
Quartiles(Global)	BIOPHYSICS(Q1)

ISSN	1936-122X, 1936-1238
h-index	172

Publication Information	Publisher: Annual Reviews Inc.，Publishing cycle: Annual，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2008，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 38.36%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：约稿?周期不定
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：很难

Annual Review of Biophysics

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